INDEX
UNIT 1 : NATURE AND SCOPE OT CHEMISTRY
UNIT 2 : ATOMS
UNIT 3 : PERIODIC PROPERTIES OF ELEMENTS
UNIT 4 : CHEMICAL BONDS AND MOLECULES
UNIT 5 : STATES OF MATTER
UNIT 6 : CHEMICAL ENERGETICS
UNIT 7 : CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM
UNIT 8 : ELECTROCHEMISTRY
UNIT 9 : HYDROGEN
UNIT 10 : WATER AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
UNIT 11 : ALKALI METALS (GROUP 1A or s1 ELEMENTS)
UNIT 12 : ALKALINE EARTH METALS (GROUP IIA or
s2 ELEMENTS)
UNIT 13 : BORON AND ALUMINIUM (GROUP JILL or p1
ELEMENTS)
UNIT 14 : THE CARBON FAMILY (GROUP IVA ELEMENTS)
UNIT 15 : THE NITROGEN FAMILY (GROUP VA ELEMENTS)
UNIT 16 : INTRODUCTION TO CARBON OMPOUNDS - HYDR0CARBONS
UNIT 17 : SOURCES AND SYNTHESIS OF HYDROCARBONS
UNIT 18 : PROPERTISE AND REACTION OF HYDROCATIONS
UNIT 19 : PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
| 1.1 | Classification of Matter |
| 1.2 | Ancint Speculations on the Nature of Matter |
| 1.3 | Nature of Scientific Method |
| 1.4 | Basis of Modern Chemistry |
| 1.5 | Structure of Chemistry |
| 1.6 | Chemistry in the Service of Man |
| 2.1 | Origin. of Atomic Theory Laws of Chemical Combination Dalton's Atom |
| 2.2 | Atomic Masses Avogadro's Hypothesis Mole Concept Relative Atomic Masses |
| 2.3 | Structure of the Atom Nature of Light and Emission Spectrum of Hydrogen Bohr' s Model of the Hydrogen Atom Arguments Against Electron Orbits Probability Picture of Electrons |
| 2.4 | Orbitals and Quantum Numb era |
| 2.5 | Electron Configuration of Atoms (Aufbau Principle) |
| 3.1 | Early Beginnings of the Periodic Table Mendeleev's Periodic Table |
| 3.2 | The periodic Law and the Periodic Table |
| 3.3 | Periodic Properties Valency Atomic size Ionization energy Electron affinity Density, melting point and boiling point |
| 4.1 | Hydrogen Molecule Chemical Bond in H2 molecule Orbital overlap Why only H2? Why not He2 molecule? |
| 4.2 | Some Simple Molecules Fluorine molecule HF molecule Octet rule and Lewis structures Electronegativity H2O molecule Oxygen molecule Nitrogen molecule Ammoniac molecule |
| 4.3 | Carbon Compounds Hybridization sp2 hybridization sp2 hybridization Features of pi-bonds sp hybridization |
| 4.4 | Boron and Beryllium Compounds |
| 4.5 | Coordinate Covalent Bond |
| 4.6 | Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Model and Molecular Shapes |
| 4.7 | Ionic Bonds |
| 4.8 | Ionic Character of Bonds and Polar Molecules |
| 4.9 | Bonding in Solid State Ionic solids Molecular solids Covalent solids Metals |
| 4.10 | The Hydrogen Bond |
| 4.11 | Resonance |
| 4.12 | Structural Parameters of Molecules |
| 5.1 | General Behaviour of Different States of Matter |
| 5.2 | Gaseous State |
| 5.3 | Pressure of a Mixture of Gases : Daltons' Law of Partial Pressures |
| 5.4 | The Molecular Model of Gases (The Kinetic Theory of Gases) |
| 5.5 | Deviation from Ideal Gas Behaviour |
| 5.6 | Causes of Deviation from Ideal Behaviour |
| 5.7 | Solid State |
| 5.8 | Liquid State |
| 6.1 | Internal Energy and Measurement of Internal Energy Changes |
| 6.2 | Enthalpy and Measurement of Enthalpy Changes |
| 6.3 | Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions |
| 6.4 | Hess's Law of Constant Heat Summation |
| 6.5 | Enthalpy Changes in Chemical Reactions |
| 6.6 | Energetic of Phase Changes |
| 6.7 | Calorific Value of Food and Fuels |
| 6.8 | Bond Energies |
| 7.1 | Physical Equilibrium |
| 7.2 | Reversible Reactions and Chemical Equilibrium |
| 7.3 | Law of Mass Action and Chemical Equilibrium |
| 7.4 | Applications of the Law of Chemical Equilibrium |
| 7.5 | Prediction of the Exetent of Reaction |
| 7.6 | Factors Influencing Equilibrium - Le Chatelier's Principle |
| 7.7 | Ionic Equilibrium |
| 7.8 | Acid-base Equilibrium |
| 8.1 | Electrochemical Reaction |
| 8.2 | Movement or loss During Electrolysis |
| 8.3 | Farady's Laws |
| 8.4 | Application of Electrolysis |
| 8.5 | Electrical Conductivity of Electrolytic Solutions |
| 8.6 | Strong and Weak Electrolytes |
| 9.1 | Position of Hydrogen in Periodic Table |
| 9.2 | Isotopes of Hydrogen |
| 9.3 | Ortho and Para Hydrogen |
| 9.4 | Occurrence and Preparation of Hydrogen |
| 9.5 | Properties of Molecular Hydrogen |
| 9.6 | Atomic Hydrogen |
| 9.7 | Naecent Hydrogen |
| 9.8 | Hydrides |
| 10.1 | Structure of Water |
| 10.2 | Water ae a Solvent |
| 10.3 | Soft and Hard Water |
| 10.4 | Struoture of Hydrogen Peroxide |
| 10.5 | Prepsration and Manufaoture of Hyerogor Peroxide |
| 10.6 | Concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide Solutions |
| 10.7 | Properties and Uaes of Hydrogen Peroxide |
| 11.1 | General Properties |
| 11.2 | Chemioal Properties |
| 11.3 | Oxides and Hydroxides |
| 11.4 | Halides |
| 11.5 | Hydrides |
| 11.6 | Occurrence |
| 11.7 | Isolation |
| 11.8 | Uses |
| 11.9 | Some Important Compounds |
| 12.1 | General Characteristics |
| 12.2 | Chemical Properties |
| 12.3 | Oxides and Hydrozides |
| 12.4 | Carbonates and Sulphates |
| 12.5 | Halides |
| 12.6 | Occurrence |
| 12.7 | Isolation |
| 12.8 | Uses |
| 12.9 | Some Important Compounds |
| 12.10 | Cement |
| 13.1 | General Characteristics |
| 13.2 | Chemical Properties |
| 13.3 | Oxides and Hydroxides |
| 13.4 | Halides |
| 13.5 | Occurrence |
| 13.6 | Isolation |
| 13.7 | Uses |
| 14.1 | General Characteristics |
| 14.2 | Hydrides |
| 14.3 | Halides |
| 14.4 | Oxides |
| 14.5 | Silicates |
| 14.6 | Glass |
| 14.7 | Carbides |
| 14.8 | Tin and Lead |
| 15.1 | General Trends |
| 15.2 | Hydrides |
| 15.3 | Halides |
| 15.4 | Oxides |
| 15.5 | Oxy-acids |
| 15.6 | Sulphids |
| 15.7 | Compounds of Nitrogen |
| 15.8 | 0ccurence and Isolation of Phosphorus |
| 15.9 | Compounds of Phosphorus |
| 16.1 | Hydrocarbons and Their Classification |
| 16.2 | Alkanes Simple Structural formulae Isomerism in alkanes Alkyl radicals Systematic nomenclature Actual Shapes |
| 16.3 | Cycloalkanes |
| 16.4 | Alkenes Isomerism |
| 16.5 | Alkynes Systematic nomenclature of alkenes and alkynes |
| 16.6 | Arenes Structure of benzene Isomerism |
| 16.7 | What are Functional Groups? |
| 17.1 | Industrial Sources |
| 17.2 | Refining of Petroleum |
| 17.3 | Uses of Various Fractions |
| 17.4 | Processes in Petroleum Industry Cracking Aromatisation or reforming Hydrogenation (a) Fisher-Tropsh method (b) Bergius process |
| 17.5 | Pyrolysis of Coal |
| 17.6 | Laboratory Preparation of Alkanes (a) from alkyl halides (Wurtz reaction) (b) from carboxylic acid (Kolbe's electrolytic method) (c) Hydrogenation of alkene and alkynes |
| 17.7 | Laboratory Preparation of Alkenes (a) from alcohols (b) from alkyl halides |
| 17.8 | Laboratory Preparation of Alkynes |
| 18.1 | Physical Propertise |
| 18.2 | Reactions of Alkanes Substitution reactions Crecking of alkanes |
| 18.3 | Reactions of Alkenes Addition reactions Markownikoff's rule Polymerisation Hydrogenation |
| 18.4 | Reactions of Alkynes Acidity of alkynes |
| 18.5 | Combustion and Other Oxidation Reactions Controlled oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons |
| 18.6 | Tests for Unsaturation |
| 18.7 | Reactions of Arenes (Aromatic Hydrocarbons) Aromatic subustitution Aromatic addition Oxidation |
| 18.8 | Orientation in Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution |
| 19.1 | Purification |
| 19.2 | Qualitative Analysis |
| 19.3 | Quantitative Analysis |
| 19.4 | Determination of Molecular Mass |
| 19.5 | Calculation of Empirical and Molecular Formulae |